What is PCOS/PCOD?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), also known as Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It occurs when a woman’s ovaries produce an excess of androgens (male hormones), disrupting the normal balance of hormones in the body. This imbalance can cause various symptoms, including irregular periods, excessive hair growth, acne, and difficulty in conceiving.

Key Symptoms of PCOS/PCOD:

  1. Irregular Periods: Women with PCOS often experience irregular or absent menstrual cycles due to the lack of ovulation.
  2. Excessive Hair Growth (Hirsutism): Higher levels of androgens may lead to excessive hair growth on the face, chest, and back.
  3. Acne and Oily Skin: The hormonal imbalance may result in skin problems like acne, particularly on the face, back, and shoulders.
  4. Weight Gain and Difficulty Losing Weight: Many women with PCOS struggle with weight gain, especially around the abdomen.
  5. Thinning Hair: Some women experience thinning of the hair on the scalp due to hormonal changes.
  6. Infertility: The lack of ovulation can make it difficult for women to conceive, which is one of the more significant concerns for women with PCOS.

Causes of PCOS/PCOD:

The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but several factors are thought to contribute:

  • Genetics: PCOS tends to run in families, so if your mother or sister has it, you may be at a higher risk.
  • Hormonal Imbalance: An imbalance in hormones, particularly elevated androgens, plays a major role in the development of PCOS.
  • Insulin Resistance: Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, where the body cannot use insulin properly, leading to higher insulin levels. This can contribute to weight gain and other metabolic issues.

Complications of PCOS/PCOD:

If left untreated, PCOS can lead to several health complications, including:

  • Infertility: Irregular ovulation can make it difficult to conceive.
  • Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin resistance can lead to an increased risk of developing diabetes.
  • Heart Disease: PCOS is linked to higher cholesterol levels, which can increase the risk of heart disease.
  • Endometrial Cancer: Women with PCOS who do not have regular periods may be at a higher risk for endometrial cancer due to the buildup of the uterine lining.
  • Sleep Apnea: Women with PCOS are more likely to experience sleep apnea, particularly if they are overweight.

Diagnosis of PCOS/PCOD:

A gynecologist or endocrinologist can diagnose PCOS based on:

  1. Medical History: A review of menstrual cycles, symptoms like acne or excess hair growth, and family history of PCOS.
  2. Physical Examination: Checking for signs of excess hair growth, acne, or other physical symptoms.
  3. Ultrasound: An ultrasound of the ovaries may show multiple cysts, which is a common sign of PCOS.
  4. Blood Tests: To check for hormone imbalances, particularly elevated levels of androgens, and to assess insulin resistance.

When to Seek Medical Help:

If you’re experiencing symptoms like irregular periods, excessive hair growth, or difficulty in conceiving, it’s essential to seek help from a gynecologist or endocrinologist. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms, reduce long-term health risks, and improve your overall quality of life.

PCOS doesn’t define you—it can be managed, and with the right care and support, women with PCOS can live healthy and fulfilling lives.

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